. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I):

. Sleep Restriction Therapy: Limits time in bed to improve sleep efficiency.
. Stimulus Control: Teaches patients to associate the bed only with sleep and intimacy, not with other activities like watching TV.
. Cognitive Therapy: Helps to reframe negative thoughts about sleep and reduce sleep-related anxiety.
. Relaxation Techniques: Techniques like progressive muscle relaxation and deep breathing exercises help reduce tension before bed.

Medication:

. Prescription Sleep Aids: Medications like zolpidem or eszopiclone can help, but are generally recommended for short-term use.
. Over-the-Counter Sleep Aids: Supplements like melatonin and antihistamines are often used, but should be taken with caution and under guidance.

Alternative Therapies:

. Acupuncture and Acupressure: Some find relief with these techniques, which may help relax the body and mind.
. Mindfulness Meditation: Practices like mindfulness, yoga nidra, and guided imagery can help calm the mind and prepare the body for sleep.
. Herbal Remedies: Valerian root, chamomile, and lavender are popular, though evidence on effectiveness varies